Efficacy of Semaglutide in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Complicated by Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Its Effects on IL-27 and TFEB Levels
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摘要:
目的 探究司美格鲁肽对2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)合并非酒精性脂肪肝(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)患者白细胞介素-27(interleukin-27,IL-27)、转录因子EB(transcription factor EB,TFEB)水平的影响及与治疗效果的关系。 方法 选择深圳市龙岗中心医院2022年6月至2024年6月期间收治的170例T2DM合并NAFLD患者纳入研究,并分为对照组(n = 85)和研究组(n = 85),两组均进行常规治疗,研究组加用司美格鲁肽治疗。检测治疗前后空腹血糖(fasting plasma glucose,FPG)、餐后2 h后血糖(2-hour postprandial glucose,2 h PG)、糖化血红蛋白(glycated hemoglobin,HbA1c)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、丙氨酸转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、γ-谷氨酰转移酶(gamma-glutamyl transferase,γ-GT)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、IL-27、TFEB水平;计算胰岛素抵抗指数(homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance,HOMA-IR)、纤维化4因子指数(fibrosis-4 index,FIB-4)、天门冬氨酸转氨酶与血小板比率指数(aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index,APRI);影像学检查治疗前后肝脏脂肪含量、肝脏硬度、受控衰减参数(controlled attenuation parameter,CAP),计算肝脾密度比。Pearson和Spearman相关性分析IL-27、TFEB与各项指标的相关性。 结果 治疗后,两组BMI、体重、腰臀比、内脏脂肪面积、肝脏硬度、CAP均显著下降,CT肝脾密度比均升高,且研究组变化程度高于对照组(P < 0.05);两组FPG、2 h PG、HOMA-IR、HbA1c水平均下降,且研究组低于对照组(P < 0.05);两组LDL-C、TC、TG水平均下降,HDL-C水平升高,且研究组变化程度高于对照组(P < 0.05);两组FIB-4、APRI、ALT、AST、γ-GT水平均下降,且研究组低于对照组(P < 0.05);两组IL-27、TFEB水平均升高,且研究组高于对照组(P < 0.05);研究组总有效率高于对照组(P < 0.05);两组不良反应比较(11.76% vs 21.18%)差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。 结论 司美格鲁肽治疗能有效改善患者血糖、血脂、肝功能指标以及IL-27、TFEB水平,IL-27、TFEB水平与司美格鲁肽治疗NAFLD的效果可能存在相关性,为临床治疗和疗效评估提供了新的依据。 Abstract:Objective To Explore the Effect of Semaglutide on serum levels of Interleukin-27 (IL-27) and Transcription Factor EB (TFEB) in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Complicated by Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and the relationship between these effects and therapeutic outcomes. Methods A total of 170 patients with T2DM complicated with NAFLD admitted to Shenzhen Longgang Central Hospital from June 2022 to June 2024 were enrolled and divided into a control group (n = 85) and a study group (n = 85). Both groups received conventional treatment, and the study group was additionally treated with semaglutide. Levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour postprandial glucose (2 h PG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglyceride (TG), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), gamma-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), IL-27 and TFEB were measured before and after treatment. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) and aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) were calculated. Liver fat content, liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) were detected by imaging examinations before and after treatment, and the CT liver-spleen density ratio was calculated. Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses were performed to evaluate the correlations between IL-27, TFEB levels andother measured indices. Results After treatment, body mass index (BMI), body weight, waist-to-hip ratio, visceral fat area, liver stiffness and CAP decreased significantly in both groups, while the CT liver-spleen density ratio increased, with more significant changes observed in the study group than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The levels of FPG, HOMA-IR, 2 h PG and HbA1c decreased in both groups, and the levels in the study group were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The levels of LDL-C, TC and TG decreased, whereas HDL-C level increased in both groups, and the changes in the study group were more obvious than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Levels of FIB-4, APRI, ALT, AST and γ-GT decreased in both groups, with lower levels in the study group (P < 0.05). Levels of IL-27 and TFEB increased in both groups, with higher levels in the study group (P < 0.05). The total effective rate was higher in the study group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (11.76% vs 21.18%, P > 0.05). Conclusion Semaglutide treatment effectively improves blood glucose, blood lipid, liver function indexes, and levels of IL-27 and TFEB in patients with T2DM complicated with NAFLD. The levels of IL-27 and TFEB may be correlated with the therapeutic efficacy of semaglutide in the treatment of NAFLD, which provides new evidence for clinical treatment and efficacy evaluation. -
表 1 对照组和研究组一般资料比较 [n(%)/($ \bar x \pm s $)]
Table 1. Comparison of baseline characteristics between control and study groups [n(%)/($ \bar x \pm s $)]
项目 对照组(n=85) 研究组(n=85) t/χ2 P 性别(男) 42(49.41) 48(56.41) 0.850 0.357 年龄(岁) 73.21 ± 8.31 72.84 ± 8.05 0.295 0.768 吸烟(是) 38(44.71) 44(51.76) 0.848 0.357 饮酒(是) 35(41.18) 31(36.47) 0.396 0.529 合并疾病 冠心病(是) 23(27.06) 25(29.41) 0.116 0.733 高血压(是) 54(63.53) 51(60.00) 0.224 0.636 高脂血症(是) 42(49.41) 36(42.35) 0.853 0.356 糖尿病并发症 周围神经病变(是) 47(55.29) 53(62.35) 0.874 0.350 糖尿病肾病(是) 26(30.59) 32(37.65) 0.942 0.332 视网膜病变(是) 22(25.88) 17(20.00) 0.832 0.362 脂肪肝分级 2.911 0.233 轻度 68(80.00) 76(89.41) 中度 13(15.29) 7(8.24) 重度 4(4.71) 2(2.35) 糖尿病家族史(是) 15(17.65) 12(14.12) 0.396 0.529 T2DM病程(年) 12.54 ± 3.25 11.68 ± 3.72 1.605 0.110 NAFLD病程(年) 6.67 ± 1.94 7.13 ± 2.06 1.499 0.136 收缩压(mmHg) 114.26 ± 14.32 112.85 ± 13.47 0.661 0.509 舒张压(mmHg) 73.64 ± 8.75 74.25 ± 9.26 0.441 0.659 心率(次/min) 72.35 ± 11.32 72.84 ± 10.76 0.289 0.773 表 2 治疗前后两组代谢状况及肝脏健康状况比较 ($ \bar x \pm s $)
Table 2. Comparison of metabolic status and liver health indices between the two groups before and after treatment ($ \bar x \pm s $)
指标 组别 治疗前 治疗后 95%CI t P BMI(kg/m2) 对照组(n=85) 26.51 ± 2.73 25.64 ± 2.51 0.07~1.67 2.163 0.032* 研究组(n=85) 26.74 ± 2.82 24.67 ± 2.53 1.25~2.89 5.037 <0.001* t 0.540 2.509 - - - P 0.590 0.013* - - - 体重(kg) 对照组(n=85) 87.49 ± 20.31 81.28 ± 15.70 0.69~11.73 2.230 0.027* 研究组(n=85) 88.26 ± 21.42 75.36 ± 12.06 7.57~18.23 4.812 <0.001* t 0.240 2.757 - - - P 0.810 0.006* - - - 腰臀比 对照组(n=85) 0.85 ± 0.17 0.80 ± 0.15 0.01~0.09 2.033 0.044* 研究组(n=85) 0.86 ± 0.16 0.74 ± 0.12 0.09~0.15 5.532 <0.001* t 0.395 2.880 - - - P 0.693 0.004* - - - 内脏脂肪面积(cm2) 对照组(n=85) 147.56 ± 28.63 138.43 ± 24.85 1.92~15.34 2.220 0.028* 研究组(n=85) 148.26 ± 29.31 121.54 ± 20.36 22.81~30.61 6.903 <0.001* t 0.158 4.847 - - - P 0.876 <0.001* - - - CT肝脾密度比 对照组(n=85) 0.66 ± 0.18 0.73 ± 0.21 0.03~0.11 2.333 0.021* 研究组(n=85) 0.65 ± 0.17 0.82 ± 0.24 0.14~0.20 5.329 <0.001* t 0.372 2.602 - - - P 0.710 0.010* - - - 肝脏硬度(kPa) 对照组(n=85) 8.47 ± 2.34 7.73 ± 2.13 0.31~1.57 2.156 0.032* 研究组(n=85) 8.52 ± 2.38 7.05 ± 2.28 1.02~2.02 4.112 <0.001* t 0.138 2.009 - - - P 0.890 0.046* - - - CAP(dB/m) 对照组(n=85) 276.85 ± 45.32 247.12 ± 34.83 17.41~42.05 4.795 <0.001* 研究组(n=85) 283.16 ± 42.61 223.28 ± 31.46 48.38~71.38 10.423 <0.001* t 0.935 4.683 - - - P 0.351 <0.001* - - - *P < 0.05。 表 3 治疗前后两组血糖水平比较 ($ \bar x \pm s $)
Table 3. Comparison of blood glucose levels between the two groups before and after treatment ($ \bar x \pm s $)
指标 组别 治疗前 治疗后 95%CI t P FPG(mmol/L) 对照组(n=85) 11.35 ± 2.08 10.76 ± 1.62 0.02~1.16 2.063 0.041* 研究组(n=85) 11.47 ± 2.12 9.24 ± 1.32 1.81~2.65 8.233 <0.001* t 0.373 6.706 - - - P 0.710 <0.001* - - - HOMA-IR 对照组(n=85) 7.23 ± 1.12 6.85 ± 0.73 0.09~0.67 2.621 0.010* 研究组(n=85) 7.16 ± 0.85 6.42 ± 0.68 0.50~0.98 6.268 <0.001* t 0.459 3.974 - - - P 0.647 <0.001* - - - 2 h PG(mmol/L) 对照组(n=85) 10.85 ± 2.63 9.54 ± 2.27 0.75~1.87 3.476 0.001* 研究组(n=85) 10.72 ± 2.54 8.25 ± 1.87 2.05~2.99 7.220 <0.001* t 0.328 4.044 - - - P 0.743 <0.001* - - - HbA1c(%) 对照组(n=85) 8.92 ± 1.72 8.31 ± 1.58 0.15~1.07 2.408 0.017* 研究组(n=85) 8.84 ± 1.65 7.28 ± 1.26 1.20~1.84 6.928 <0.001* t 0.309 4.699 - - - P 0.757 <0.001* - - - *P < 0.05。 表 4 治疗前后两组血脂水平比较 ($ \bar x \pm s $)
Table 4. Comparison of blood lipid levels between the two groups before and after treatment ($ \bar x \pm s $)
指标 组别 治疗前 治疗后 95%CI t P LDL-C(mmol/L) 对照组(n=85) 4.56 ± 1.12 4.13 ± 1.04 0.12~0.74 2.594 0.010* 研究组(n=85) 4.52 ± 1.14 3.61 ± 0.75 0.70~1.12 6.148 <0.001* t 0.231 3.739 - - - P 0.818 <0.001* - - - HDL-C(mmol/L) 对照组(n=85) 1.31 ± 0.42 1.46 ± 0.45 0.05~0.25 2.247 0.026* 研究组(n=85) 1.34 ± 0.41 1.83 ± 0.54 0.40~0.58 6.663 <0.001* t 0.471 1.853 - - - P 0.638 <0.001* - - - TC(mmol/L) 对照组(n=85) 6.72 ± 1.85 5.87 ± 1.63 0.45~1.25 3.178 <0.001* 研究组(n=85) 6.67 ± 1.82 4.74 ± 1.35 1.64~2.22 7.852 <0.001* t 0.178 6.099 - - - P 0.859 <0.001* - - - TG(mmol/L) 对照组(n=85) 2.83 ± 0.85 2.46 ± 0.68 0.18~0.56 3.134 0.002* 研究组(n=85) 2.87 ± 0.91 1.95 ± 0.54 0.73~1.09 8.016 <0.001* t 0.296 5.415 - - - P 0.767 <0.001* - - - *P < 0.05。 表 5 治疗前后两组肝功能指标比较 ($ \bar x \pm s $)
Table 5. Comparison of liver function indexes between the two groups before and after treatment ($ \bar x \pm s $)
指标 组别 治疗前 治疗后 95%CI t P FIB-4 对照组(n=85) 2.75 ± 0.46 2.48 ± 0.37 0.14~0.40 4.217 <0.001* 研究组(n=85) 2.81 ± 0.43 2.21 ± 0.30 0.49~0.71 10.551 <0.001* t 0.878 5.226 - - - P 0.381 <0.001* - - - APRI 对照组(n=85) 1.07 ± 0.21 0.95 ± 0.18 0.06~0.18 4.000 <0.001* 研究组(n=85) 1.12 ± 0.26 0.84 ± 0.15 0.22~0.34 8.600 <0.001* t 1.379 4.328 - - - P 0.170 <0.001* - - - ALT(U/L) 对照组(n=85) 55.89 ± 10.05 45.67 ± 9.23 8.12~12.32 6.905 <0.001* 研究组(n=85) 56.32 ± 10.23 35.65 ± 8.56 18.57~22.77 14.287 <0.001* t 0.276 7.339 - - - P 0.783 <0.001* - - - AST(U/L) 对照组(n=85) 48.23 ± 9.28 40.56 ± 8.47 5.87~9.47 5.628 <0.001* 研究组(n=85) 48.56 ± 9.87 30.23 ± 7.89 16.33~20.33 13.374 <0.001* t 0.225 8.228 - - - P 0.823 <0.001* - - - γ-GT(U/L) 对照组(n=85) 65.02 ± 12.05 50.34 ± 10.27 11.68~17.68 8.548 <0.001* 研究组(n=85) 65.45 ± 12.34 40.56 ± 9.65 22.89~27.89 14.649 <0.001* t 0.230 6.398 - - - P 0.818 <0.001* - - - *P < 0.05。 表 6 治疗前后两组IL-27、TFEB水平比较 ($ \bar x \pm s $)
Table 6. Comparison of IL-27 and TFEB levels between the two groups before and after treatment ($ \bar x \pm s $)
指标 组别 治疗前 治疗后 95%CI t P IL-27(pg/mL) 对照组(n=85) 25.34 ± 5.05 28.56 ± 6.13 2.22~4.22 3.738 <0.001* 研究组(n=85) 25.63 ± 5.17 35.75 ± 7.26 8.82~11.42 10.468 <0.001* t 0.370 6.976 - - - P 0.712 <0.001* - - - TFEB(ng/mL) 对照组(n=85) 35.23 ± 6.58 38.56 ± 6.72 2.33~4.33 3.264 0.001* 研究组(n=85) 33.65 ± 6.24 45.67 ± 7.89 10.72~13.32 11.017 <0.001* t 1.606 6.325 - - - P 0.110 <0.001* - - - *P < 0.05。 表 7 临床疗效比较 [n(%)]
Table 7. Comparison of clinical efficacy [n(%)]
组别 n 显效 有效 无效 总有效率 对照组 85 20(23.53) 42(49.41) 23(27.06) 62(72.94) 研究组 85 25(29.41) 48(56.47) 12(14.12) 73(85.88) χ2 4.353 P 0.037* *P < 0.05。 表 8 不良反应比较 [n(%)]
Table 8. Comparison of adverse reactions [n(%)]
组别 n 恶心 呕吐 肠胃道不适 低血糖 总不良反应 对照组 85 2(2.35) 1(1.18) 5(5.88) 2(2.35) 10(11.76) 研究组 85 4(4.71) 2(2.35) 9(10.59) 3(3.53) 18(21.18) χ2 2.736 P 0.098 -
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