Analysis of HPV Positivity Rates and High-Risk Genotypes among Multi-Ethnic Women Aged 35-64 in Lijiang City,Yunnan Province
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摘要:
目的 分析丽江地区35~64岁妇女人乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus,HPV)感染率及高危型别分布,探讨不同社会人口学因素与HPV感染的关联。 方法 基于2024年1月至2025年12月丽江市“两癌筛查”项目数据的横断面研究,选取35~64岁并完成HPV检测的适龄妇女作为研究对象。采用χ2检验比较不同人群HPV阳性检出率差异,采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析HPV感染相关因素。 结果 本研究共纳入 99981 名女性,平均年龄为(48.57±7.87)岁,HPV阳性检出率为9.25%(95%CI:9.07%~9.43%),HPV16/18型阳性检出率为1.60%。共检测出14种高危型HPV基因型,其中HPV16阳性检出率最高(1.17%),其次为HPV52(0.52%)、HPV18(0.46%)及HPV58(0.30%)。不同年龄组(χ2 = 12.975)、民族(χ2 = 80.695)、文化程度(χ2 = 70.147)、县区(χ2 = 146.518)及医疗机构间(χ2 = 139.640)HPV阳性检出率差异均有统计学意义(均P < 0.05)。55-64岁女性HPV阳性检出率高(9.56%),彝族女性HPV阳性检出率最高(10.97%)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,与35~44组相比,45~54岁年龄组的女性HPV感染风险降低(OR = 0.904,95%CI: 0.859~0.952);与小学及以下学历者相比,初中(OR = 0.902,95%CI: 0.854~0.953)、高中/中专学历者(OR = 0.883,95%CI: 0.804~0.968)大专及以上(OR = 0.688,95%CI: 0.624~0.758)学历者的感染风险显著降低。与汉族相比,彝族女性的HPV感染风险显著增高(OR = 1.137,95%CI: 1.060~1.218),普米族(OR = 0.761,95%CI: 0.620~0.924)、纳西族(OR = 0.859,95%CI: 0.795~0.927)、傈僳族(OR = 0.847,95%CI: 0.776~0.922)以及白族(OR = 0.875,95%CI: 0.776~0.984)女性的感染风险显著降低。结论 丽江地区35~64岁妇女HPV阳性检出率与中国西南地区既往研究结果总体一致,以HPV16、52、18及58型为主要流行亚型。高龄女性、彝族及低学历女性感染风险相对较高。 Abstract:Objective To analyze the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection rate and high-risk genotype distribution among women aged 35–64 in the Lijiang region, and to explore the association between various sociodemographic factors and HPV infection. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted based on data from the "Two Cancers Screening" program in Lijiang City from January 2024 to December 2025. Eligible women aged 35–64 who completed HPV testing were selected as study participants. Chi-square tests was used to compare HPV positivity rates across different population groups, and a multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze factors associated with HPV infection. Results A total of 99, 981 women were included, with an average age of (48.57±7.87) years. The HPV positivity rate was 9.25% (95%CI: 9.07%~9.43%), and the positive rate for HPV16/18 types was 1.60%. Fourteen high-risk HPV genotypes were detected, among which HPV16 had the highest positivity rate (1.17%), followed by HPV52 (0.52%), HPV18 (0.46%), and HPV58 (0.30%). Statistically significant differences in HPV positivity rates were observed across age groups (χ2 = 12.975), ethnic groups (χ2 = 80.695), educational levels (χ2 = 70.147), counties/districts (χ2 = 146.518), and medical institutions (χ2 = 139.640) (all P < 0.05). Women aged 55–64 had a higher HPV positivity rate (9.56%), and Yi women had the highest positivity rate (10.97%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that, compared with the 35~44 age group, women aged 45~54 had a reduced risk of HPV infection (OR = 0.904, 95%CI: 0.859~0.952). Compared with women with primary school education or below, those with junior high school (OR = 0.902, 95%CI: 0.854~0.953), senior high school/secondary vocational education (OR = 0.883, 95% CI: 0.804~0.968), and junior college education or above (OR = 0.688, 95%CI: 0.624~0.758) had significantly lower infection risks. Compared with Han women, Yi women had a significantly higher risk of HPV infection (OR = 1.137, 95%CI: 1.060~1.218), whereas women of the Pumi (OR = 0.761, 95%CI: 0.620~0.924), Naxi (OR = 0.859, 95%CI: 0.795~0.927), Lisu (OR = 0.847, 95%CI: 0.776~0.922), and Bai (OR = 0.875, 95%CI: 0.776~0.984) ethnic groups had significantly lower infection risks. Conclusion The HPV positivity rate among women aged 35~64 in the Lijiang region is generally consistent with previous findings in southwestern China, with HPV types 16, 52, 18, and 58 as the predominant subtypes. Older women, Yi women, and women with lower educational attainment have relatively higher infection risks. -
Key words:
- High-risk human papillomavirus /
- Cervical cancer /
- Genotype /
- Multi-ethnic
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表 1 丽江市不同高危HPV分型感染情况
Table 1. Infection status of different high-risk HPV genotypes in Lijiang City
HPV
亚型阳性人数
(n)阳性检出率
(%)HPV阳性者
中占比(%)排名 HPV16 1171 1.17 12.66 1 HPV52 523 0.52 5.65 2 HPV18 461 0.46 4.98 3 HPV58 301 0.30 3.25 4 HPV51 235 0.24 2.54 5 HPV68 159 0.16 1.72 6 HPV56 119 0.12 1.29 7 HPV59 104 0.10 1.12 8 HPV39 100 0.10 1.08 9 HPV66 96 0.10 1.04 10 HPV33 79 0.08 0.85 11 HPV31 66 0.07 0.71 12 HPV35 45 0.05 0.49 13 HPV45 30 0.03 0.32 14 注:包含多重感染情况;HPV16、18需分型检测,其它高危型别可不分型检测,所以其它高危型别阳性人数被低估。 表 2 丽江市不同特征人群 HPV 感染情况比较
Table 2. Comparison of HPV infection among populations with different characteristics in Lijiang City
特征 人数 阳性人数 阳性检出率(%) 95%CI χ2 P 年龄组(岁) 12.975 0.002* 35~44 32568 3096 9.51※ 9.19~9.83 45~54 41520 3679 8.86 8.59~9.14 55~64 25893 2475 9.56※ 9.20~9.92 民族 80.695 <0.001* 汉族 50114 4481 8.94# 8.69~9.19 彝族 16375 1797 10.97 10.50~11.46 纳西族 14352 1286 8.96# 8.50~9.44 白族 4052 363 8.96 8.10~9.88 傈僳族 8322 687 8.26# 7.67~8.87 傣族 1067 104 9.75 8.03~11.69 普米族 1418 112 7.90 6.55~9.43 摩梭人 968 90 9.30 7.54~11.30 其他 3313 330 9.96 8.96~11.03 文化程度 70.147 <0.001* 小学及以下 41850 4067 9.72△& 9.44~10.01 初中 30282 2680 8.85△ 8.53~9.18 高中/中专 6941 620 8.93△ 8.27~9.63 大专及以上 7805 558 7.15 6.59~7.74 不详 13103 1325 10.11△& 9.60~10.64 所属县区 146.518 <0.001* 古城区 12900 1210 9.38□○ 8.88~9.90 华坪县 16023 1571 9.80□ 9.35~10.28 宁蒗县 20074 2129 10.61□ 10.18~11.04 永胜县 32567 2522 7.74 7.46~8.04 玉龙县 18417 1818 9.87□ 9.44~10.31 筛查年份 22.961 <0.001* 2024年 52566 5083 9.67 9.42~9.93 2025年 47415 4167 8.79 8.53~9.05 *P < 0.05;与45~54岁组相比,※P < 0.017;与彝族孕妇相比,#P < 0.001;与大专及以上相比,△P < 0.005);与初中组相比,&P < 0.005;与永胜县相比,□P < 0.005);与宁蒗县相比,○P < 0.005。 表 3 多因素Logistic回归分析赋值表
Table 3. Assignment table for multivariate Logistic regression analysis
变量 赋值 HPV感染状态 0=阴性;1=阳性 年龄组(岁) 0=35~44岁;1=45~54岁;3=55~64岁 民族 0=汉族;1=纳西族;2=彝族;3=白族;4=傈僳族;5=傣族;6=普米族;7=摩梭人;8=其他 学历 0=小学及以下;1=初中;2=高中/中专;3=大专及以上;4=学历不详 县区 0=古城区;1=华坪县;2=宁蒗县;3=永胜县;4=玉龙县 年份(年) 0=2024年;1=2025年 -
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