Application of Backward Design Based on OBE Concept in Pathology Teaching
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摘要:
目的 探讨基于成果导向教育(outcome based education,OBE)理念的逆向设计教学模式在病理学教学中的应用效果,评估其对临床医学专业学生临床思维能力和知识整合能力的影响。 方法 按照学生的构成年龄、性别、学习基础、入校成绩及相关学科成绩无显著差异性的原则,选取蚌埠医科大学临床医学专业2023级两个班共120名学生,在尊重学生意愿的基础上,随机分成两个组,每组60人,分别作为实验组和对照组。实验组采用逆向设计教学模式(目标导向→评估设计→教学活动);对照组采用传统教学模式。通过学生在小组讨论中的表现,考试成绩和问卷调查结果,从学习过程、学习成绩和学习体验三个维度进行综合评价。 结果 (1)学习过程:实验组学生发言频率显著提高,意见采纳率与讨论次数呈正相关(r = 0.98,P < 0.001);(2)学习成绩:实验组在客观题优秀率(75% vs 53.3%, P < 0.01)和主观题优秀率(91.5% vs 38.3%, P < 0.001)方面均显著高于对照组;(3)学习体验:实验组在知识理解深度、批判性思维、临床应用能力等方面均有显著提升(P < 0.05),但在时间管理能力方面差异无统计学意义(P = 0.116)。 结论 基于OBE理念的逆向设计教学能够有效提升病理学教学质量,促进学生临床思维能力的培养,增强知识整合与应用能力。 Abstract:Objective To explore the applicationand effectiveness of backward design teaching model based on Outcome Based Education (OBE) in pathology teaching, and to assess its impact on clinical thinking ability and knowledge integration ability of clinical medicine students. Methods Based on the principle that there were no significant differences among students in terms of age composition, gender, learning foundation, admission scores, or relevant subject scores, 120 students from two classes of the 2023 cohort in Clinical Medicine at Bengbu Medical College were selected. Based on student preferences, they were randomly divided into two groups of 60 students each, serving as the experimental group and control group respectively. The experimental group received the backward design teaching model (objective-orientation→ assessment design → teaching activities), while the control group received traditional teaching model. Comprehensive evaluation was conducted from three dimensions—learning process, academic performance, and learning experience—based on students' performance in group discussions, examination scores, and questionnaire survey results. Results (1) Learning process: Speaking frequency in the experimental group increased significantly, with the rate of opinion adoption showing positive correlation with discussion frequency (r = 0.98, P < 0.001). (2) Academic performance: The experimental group demonstrated significantly higher excellent rates in both objective questions (75% vs 53.3%, P < 0.01) and subjective questions (91.5% vs 38.3%, P < 0.001) compared to the control group; (3) Learning experience: The experimental group showed significant improvements in depth of knowledge comprehension, critical thinking, and clinical application ability (P < 0.05), but showed no statistical significance in time management ability (P = 0.116). Conclusion Backward design teaching based on OBE concept can effectively enhance the quality of pathology teaching, promote the cultivation of students' clinical thinking ability, and strengthen knowledge integration and application capabilities. -
Key words:
- Outcome based education /
- Backward design /
- Pathology teaching /
- Clinical thinking
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表 1 问卷调查表格
Table 1. Questionnaire
问题描述 评分 非常不同意 不同意 一般 同意 非常同意 学习效果 加深了我对专业知识的理解深度 1 2 3 4 5 提高了我的自主学习能力 1 2 3 4 5 培养了我的批判性思维能力 1 2 3 4 5 增强了将理论知识应用于实践的能力 1 2 3 4 5 学习体验与态度 促进了师生之间的有效互动 1 2 3 4 5 能够满足我的个性化学习需求 1 2 3 4 5 提供了充足的实践操作机会 1 2 3 4 5 提供的学习资源丰富且优质 1 2 3 4 5 学习效率 使我的学习时间分配更加合理 1 2 3 4 5 帮助我更快更好地掌握知识点 1 2 3 4 5 帮助我更好的抓住关键知识点 1 2 3 4 5 综合能力 提升了我的信息检索与筛选能力 1 2 3 4 5 增强了我在不同学科间整合知识的能力 1 2 3 4 5 提高了我的公开表达与沟通能力 1 2 3 4 5 改善了我的时间管理与自我约束能力 1 2 3 4 5 提升了我在团队中的协作能力 1 2 3 4 5 表 2 小组讨论中意见被采纳人数统计(n)
Table 2. Statistics on the number of participants whose opinions were adopted in group discussions(n)
小组讨论(第 次) 意见被采纳人数 意见未被采纳人数 1 15 45 2 17 43 3 16 44 4 18 42 5 19 41 6 20 40 7 23 37 8 26 34 9 27 33 10 30 30 11 31 29 12 31 29 13 35 25 14 36 24 15 36 24 表 3 客观题(总分80分)的优秀率比较(n)
Table 3. Comparison of excellence rates for objective questions (Total score: 80 )(n)
优秀率对比 ≥64分 < 64分 优秀率(%) χ2 P 实验组 45 15 75 6.0740 0.0080 *对照组 32 28 53.3 *P < 0.05。 表 4 主观题(总分20分)的优秀率比较(n)
Table 4. Comparison of excellence rates for subjective questions (Total score: 20 ) (n)
优秀率对比 ≥16分 < 16分 优秀率(%) χ2 P 实验组 55 5 91.5 37.5092 0.0000 *对照组 23 37 38.3 *P < 0.05。 表 5 KMO 和 Bartlett 的检验
Table 5. KMO and Bartlett's test
近似卡方 取样足够度的Kaiser-
Meyer-Olkin 度量Bartlett 的球形度检验(P) 1376.567 0.908 0.000 表 6 问卷调查结果
Table 6. Questionnaire results
问题描述 实验组 对照组 P ≥3分 < 3分 ≥3分 < 3分 学习效果 加深了我对专业知识的理解深度 51 9 28 38 0.0000* 提高了我的自主学习能力 48 12 24 36 0.0000* 培养了我的批判性思维能力 36 24 22 38 0.0105 强了我将理论知识应用于实践的能力 47 13 25 35 0.0000* 学习体验与态度 促进了师生之间的有效互动 46 14 20 40 0.0000* 能够满足我的个性化学习需求 41 19 13 47 0.0000* 提供了充足的实践操作机会 36 24 21 39 0.0061 *提供的学习资源丰富且优质 33 27 22 38 0.0439 学习效率 使我的学习时间分配更加合理 34 26 11 49 0.0000* 帮助我更快更好地掌握知识点 52 8 28 32 0.0000* 帮助我更好的抓住关键知识点 50 10 11 49 0.0000* 综合能力 提升了我的信息检索与筛选能力 34 26 15 45 0.0004 *增强了我在不同学科间整合知识的能力 52 18 31 29 0.0075 *提高了我的公开表达与沟通能力 56 4 13 47 0.0000 *改善了我的时间管理与自我约束能力 15 45 23 37 0.1164 提升了我在团队中的协作能力 45 15 13 47 0.0000* *P < 0.01。 -
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