Clinical Characteristics and Prognostic Analysis of Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients with Initial Treatment Tuberculosis
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摘要:
目的 分析维持性血液透析合并初治结核患者的临床特点、治疗和转归以及探讨预后影响因素,为血液透析合并结核患者的临床治疗提供参考。 方法 回顾性收集2020年10月31日至2023年10月31日期间昆明市第三人民医院收治的70例血液透析合并初治结核患者的临床资料,分析患者的临床特点并观察其不良反应发生情况、治疗转归及预后影响因素。 结果 70例患者主要以肺结核为主(64例,91.43%),肺外结核较为常见(56例,80.00%);使用最多的抗结核治疗方案是异烟肼、利福平、乙胺丁醇、莫西沙星四药联合方案;抗结核治疗期间55例(78.57%)患者好转;11例(15.71%)患者累计发生13次不良反应,最常见的是出现皮肤瘙痒、皮疹和视力模糊。治疗好转组血红蛋白水平、淋巴细胞计数、CD8+T淋巴细胞计数均高于无效组(P < 0.05)。 结论 透析患者感染结核风险高,以肺结核为主,同时合并肺外结核多见;78.57%患者结核治疗好转,整体预后差,血红蛋白水平低与治疗无效相关。 Abstract:Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of patients undergoing the maintenance hemodialysis and treatment-naive tuberculosis and to explore the prognostic factors, so as to provide a reference for the clinical treatment of patients undergoing hemodialysis due to tuberculosis. Methods The clinical data of 70 patients undergoing hemodialysis with treatment-naive tuberculosis admitted to the Third People's Hospital of Kunming from October 31, 2020~October 31, 2023 were retrospectively collected, the clinical characteristics of the patients were analyzed, and the occurrence of adverse reactions, treatment outcomes and prognostic factors were observed. Results Among the 70 patients, pulmonary tuberculosis was the primary type (64 cases, accounting for 91.43%), and extrapulmonary tuberculosis was also quite common (56 cases, accounting for 80.00%). The most widely used anti-tuberculosis regimen was isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and moxifloxacin in a four-drug combination; During the anti-tuberculosis treatment, 55 patients (78.57%) improved. A total of 13 adverse reactions occurred in 11 patients (15.71%), and the most common ones were itching, rash and blurred vision. The hemoglobin, lymphocyte count and CD8+ T lymphocyte count in the treatment improvement group were higher than those in the ineffective group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Dialysis patients have a high risk of tuberculosis infection, mainly pulmonary tuberculosis, and extrapulmonary tuberculosis is more common. 78.57% of the patients hare improved after the tuberculosis treatment, but the overall prognosis is poor, and the low hemoglobin level is associated with ineffective treatment. -
Key words:
- Tuberculosis /
- Hemodialysis /
- Chronic kidney disease /
- Clinical features /
- Treat /
- Prognosis
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表 1 患者临床资料[n(%)]
Table 1. Clinical data of patients[n(%)]
类别 占比 类别 占比 性别 男 57(81.43) 血液透析时长(年) >1 33(47.14) 女 13(18.57) ≤1 37(52.86) 年龄(岁) ≥60 16(22.86) 使用免疫抑制剂 有 17(24.29) <60 54(77.14) 无 44(75.71) 职业 农民 44(62.86) BMI (kg/m2) ≤18.5 15(21.43) 职员 11(15.71) >18.5 55(78.57) 其他 15(21.43) 合并疾病 高血压 44(62.86) 过敏史 有 4(5.71) 糖尿病 19(27.14) 无 66(94.29) 心血管疾病 6(8.57) 吸烟史 有 31(44.29) 病毒性肝炎 3(4.26) 无 39(55.71) 肺部基础疾病 2(2.86) 饮酒史 有 23(32.86) 低蛋白血症 69(98.57) 无 47(67.14) 贫血 62(88.57) 粉尘接触史 有 7(10.00) 肾脏疾病 53(75.71) 无 63(90.00) 高尿酸血症 56(80.00) 结核类型 肺结核 64(91.43) 肺外结核 56(80.00) 合并多部位结核 34(48.57) 表 2 抗结核治疗方案
Table 2. Tuberculosis treatment regimen
抗结核治疗方案 n 比例(%) HRE3Mfx 50 71.43 PaRtEMfx 8 11.43 HRtE3Mfx 7 10.00 HRZE 5 7.14 注:抗结核药物用法用量:H:异烟肼,成人0.3 g/d;R:利福平,成人0.45~0.60 g/d;Z:吡嗪酰胺,成人20~30 mg/(kg·d);E:乙胺丁醇,成人0.75 g/次,隔日1次;Mfx:莫西沙星,0.4 g/d;Pa:帕司烟肼,成人10~20 mg/(kg·d);Rt:利福喷丁,成人0.6 g/次,1次/d,1~2次/周。 表 3 治疗前后肾功能对比 [M(P25,P75)]
Table 3. Comparison of kidney function before and after treatment [M(P25,P75)]
项目 治疗前 治疗后 Z P 血肌酐(µmol/L) 794.00(503.00,974.50) 477.00(277.50,670.50) −5.829 <0.01* 血尿酸(µmol/L) 468.00(374.75,551.50) 327.00(191.00,470.00) −4.620 <0.01* 血尿素氮(mmol/L) 21.35(14.94,27.33) 14.16(9.54,20.34) −3.784 <0.01* 血钾(mmol/L) 4.38(3.81,4.86) 4.18(3.84,4.47) −1.222 0.222 *P < 0.05。 表 4 影响预后的单因素分析 [n(%)/M(P25,P75)]
Table 4. Analysis of single factors influencing prognosis [n(%)/M(P25,P75)]
项目 好转(n = 55) 无效(n = 15) Z/χ2 P 性别 0.827 0.363 男 46(80.70) 11(19.30) 女 9(69.23) 4(30.77) 吸烟史 0.633 0.426 有 23(74.19) 8(25.81) 无 32(82.05) 7(17.95) 饮酒史 0.442 0.506 有 17(73.91) 6(26.09) 无 38(80.85) 9(19.15) 血液透析时长(年) 0.002 0.967 ≥1 26(78.79) 7(21.21) <1 29(78.38) 8(21.62) 是否使用免疫抑制剂 0.088 0.766 是 13(81.25) 3(18.75) 否 42(77.78) 12(22.22) 是否合并高血压 0.119 0.730 是 34(72.27) 10(22.73) 否 21(80.77) 5(19.23) 是否合并糖尿病 0.002 0.963 是 15(78.95) 4(21.05) 否 40(78.43) 11(21.57) 是否合并高尿酸血症 0.026 0.872 是 45(78.95) 12(21.05) 否 10(76.92) 3(23.08) 是否使用保肝药 2.525 0.112 是 41(83.67) 8(16.33) 否 14(66.67) 7(33.33) 使用的抗结核治疗方案 5.040 0.169 HRE3Mfx 41(82.00) 9(18.00) PaRtEMfx 6(75.00) 2(25.00) HRtE3Mfx 6(85.71) 1(14.29) HRZE 2(40.00) 3(60.00) 是否出现不良反应 0.265 0.607 是 8(72.73) 3(27.27) 否 47(76.66) 12(20.34) 方案是否调整 0.311 0.577 是 11(73.33) 4(26.67) 否 44(80.00) 11(20.00) 年龄(岁) 49.50(40.00,57.00) 44.00(27.00,62.00) −0.251 0.802 BMI(kg/m2) 21.61(18.55,25.07) 20.76(18.42,21.36) −0.744 0.457 血肌酐(µmol/L) 880.50(355.50, 1073.75 )681.00(151.00,94.00) −0.342 0.732 血尿酸(µmol/L) 504.50(380.50,577) 509.00(368,53.00) −0.291 0.771 血尿素氮(mmol/L) 19.13(12.25,31.59) 23.5(12.20,34.77) −0.655 0.513 血钾(mmol/L) 4.66(3.81,5.05) 4.51(3.52,5.10) −0.54 0.589 白蛋白(g/L) 31.25(28.70,34.68) 33.70(31.10,37.30) −1.087 0.277 总胆红素(µmol/L) 4.45(3.08,5.90) 7.00(3.90,8.00) −0.196 0.844 丙氨酸氨基转移酶(U/L) 12.50(7.50,22.50) 11.00(7.00,13.00) −0.153 0.878 门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(U/L) 17.00(10.00,25.25) 19.00(13.00,39.00) −0.087 0.93 碱性磷酸酶(U/L) 77.00(58.75,114.25) 58.00(49.00,140.00) −0.865 0.387 血红蛋白(g/L) 86.00(79.75,103.25) 79.00(68.00,120.00) −2.706 0.007* 淋巴细胞计数(×109/L) 1.06(0.85,1.36) 0.62(0.38,1.19) −2.183 0.029* 血糖(mmol/L) 4.69(4.36,5.81) 5.14(3.95,10.21) −1.176 0.24 甘油三酯(mmol/L) 1.55(1.02,1.90) 2.12(0.91,2.50) −0.039 0.969 胆固醇(mmol/L) 4.07(3.34,4.63) 4.20(3.60,4.86) −1.158 0.247 CD4+T细胞计数(个/µL) 474.50(369.00,577.75) 385.00(351.00,460.00) −0.487 0.626 CD8+T细胞计数(个/µL) 302.50(233.25,611.50) 284.00(149.00,517.00) −2.098 0.036* *P < 0.05。 表 5 预后的 Logistic 回归分析
Table 5. Logistic regression analysis of prognosis
项目 β S.E Wald OR 95%CI P 血红蛋白(g/L) 0.042 0.019 4.707 1.042 1.004~1.082 0.03* 淋巴细胞计数(×109/L) 0.601 1.115 0.29 1.823 0.205~16.228 0.59 CD8+T细胞计数(个/μL) 0.004 0.003 1.517 1.004 0.998~1.009 0.218 常量 −3.833 1.809 4.488 0.022 0.034 *P < 0.05。 -
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