Analysis of Oral Microbial Community Structure in Schizophrenia Patients in Baoshan City
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摘要:
目的 分析保山市精神分裂症患者和健康人之间口腔卫生及口腔微生物间的差异。 方法 选择保山市第三人民医院26名精神分裂症患者作为病例组，按年龄、体质指数匹配的26名健康人作为健康对照组，收集人口学资料、体格指标及口腔状况，采集52名研究对象唾液样本并采用16S rDNA基因测序分析，比较精神分裂症患者和健康人之间口腔卫生及口腔微生物间的差异。 结果 病例组和健康对照组的口腔微生物群落丰富度差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.05），病例组所含物种种类高于健康对照组；属水平上，除病例组的Fusobacterium和健康对照组的Actinomyces，两组排名前5的优势菌种一致；物种差异分析结果显示在病例组中Fusobacterium和Campylobacter均高于健康对照组（P < 0.05）。 结论 精神分裂症患者口腔的部分优势菌种向产生硫化氢的硫酸盐还原菌属转变，过量的硫化氢或多硫化物的产生可能会损害线粒体的能量代谢。 Abstract:Objective To analyze the differences in oral hygiene and oral microbiota between the patients with schizophrenia and healthy individuals in Baoshan City. Methods 26 patients with schizophrenia from Baoshan Third People's Hospital were selected as the SCZ group and 26 healthy individuals matched by age and BMI as the HC （Healthy control） group. Demographic data, physical indicators, and oral conditions were collected. Saliva samples from 52 subjects were collected and 16S rDNA gene sequencing was used to compare the differences in oral hygiene and oral microbiota between the patients with schizophrenia and the healthy individuals. Results The difference in oral microbial community richness between the SCZ group and the HC group was statistically significant （P < 0.05）, with the SCZ group containing higher species than the HC group; at the genus level, except for Fusobacterium in the SCZ group and Actinomyces in the HC group, the top 5 dominant bacterial species in both groups were consistent; the results of species difference analysis showed that Fusobacterium and Campylobacter in the SCZ group were higher than those in the HC group （P < 0.05）. Conclusion The partial dominant bacterial species in the oral cavity of the patients with schizophrenia have changed to sulfate-reducing bacteria that produce hydrogen sulfide. Excessive production of hydrogen sulfide or polysulfide may damage the energy metabolism of mitochondria. -
Key words:
- Oral microbiota /
- Schizophrenia /
- Oral hygiene
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图 3 菌群Alpha多样性指数组间差异的箱形图
A：ace指数组间差异的箱形图；B：chao指数组间差异的箱形图；C：shannon指数组间差异的箱形图；D：simpson指数组间差异的箱形图；E：sobs指数组间差异的箱形图；和HC组相比，*P < 0.05。
Figure 3. Box plot of intergroup differences in alpha diversity indices of the microbiota
图 4 Beta多样性分析二维排序图
A：PCoA分析二维排序图；B：NMDS分析二维排序图；与HC组相比，PCoA分析沿PC1（23.14%）聚集，NMDS分析stress：0.158。
Figure 4. Two-dimensional ordination plot by beta diversity analysis
图 5 HC组及SCZ组唾液菌群优势菌种分布
A：HC组唾液菌群优势菌种分布图；B：SCZ组唾液菌群优势菌种分布图。
Figure 5. The distribution of dominant bacterial species in the salivary microbiota of HC and SCZ groups
图 6 两组间唾液菌群物种差异
和HC组相比，*P < 0.05，**P < 0.03，***P < 0.01。
Figure 6. Species differences in salivary microbiota between the two groups
图 7 口腔卫生状况与唾液菌群组成
0表示“口腔或义齿表面清洁，无食物残渣或结石附着”分组；>0表示“口腔或义齿表面1-2处存在食物残渣或结石附着”及“口腔或义齿表面大多数部位存在食物残渣或结石附着”分组。与>0组相比，*P < 0.05。
Figure 7. Oral hygiene status and salivary microbiota composition
表 1 研究对象一般资料及口腔卫生状况对比
Table 1. General information of study subjects and comparison of oral hygiene status
变量 SCZ HC χ2/t P 性别（n） 男 10 13 0.702 0.402 女 16 13 文化程度（n） 小学及以下 7 7 1.727 0.422 初中 13 9 高中及以上 6 10 刷牙是否会牙龈出血（n） 很少或不出血 16 20 1.444 0.229 有时或经常出血 10 6 婚姻状况（n） 已婚 6 20 15.077 <0.001* 其他 20 6 口腔卫生状况得分 1.42 ± 0.90 0.54 ± 0.65 4.063 <0.001* 和HC组相比，*P<0.05。 
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表 2 SCZ与HC人群唾液菌群的Alpha多样性指数比较
Table 2. Alpha diversity index comparison of oral microbiota between schizophrenia patients and healthy control
指数 HC SCZ P ace 389.27 ± 73.099 427.76 ± 72.398 0.101 chao 386.35 ± 72.254 424.91 ± 68.711 0.071 shannon 3.463 ± 0.333 3.645 ± 0.406 0.098 simpson 0.071 ± 0.023 0.074 ± 0.032 0.876 sobs 334.12 ± 60.165 376.69 ± 65.685 0.047* 和HC组相比，*P < 0.05。
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