Impact of Hospital-Community-Family Linkage Model Intervention on Patients with Schizophrenia during the Post-Discharge Rehabilitation Period
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摘要:
目的 探讨医院-社区-家庭联动护理模式对康复期精神分裂症患者出院后6个月内非计划再住院率、日常生活能力(Activity of Daily Living Scale,ADL)、简明精神病评定量表(Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale,BPRS)及社会功能缺陷筛选量表(Social Disability ScreeningSchedule,SDSS)的改善效果。 方法 采用随机数字表法进行对照试验,纳入2022年1月-2023年1月某三级甲等精神病专科医院符合标准的康复期精神分裂症出院患者98例,随机分为干预组(n = 49)和对照组(n = 49)。对照组接受常规延续护理,包括电话随访、复诊时间提醒等;干预组实施医院-社区-家庭联动干预,包括动态健康管理、社区康复活动及家庭督导等。采用重复测量方差分析的方法比较两组患者不同时间点的康复效果。 结果 出院6个月后,干预组的非计划再住院率为6.12%,显著低于对照组(42.86%),组间比较差异具有统计学意义(χ2 = 18.732,P < 0.001)。重复测量方差分析显示时间与组别交互效应、时间主效应及组别主效应在ADL(F = 13.753/40.338/24.172,P < 0.001),SDSS(F = 15.117/25.338/10.612,P < 0.001)和BPRS(F = 27.289/74.970/70.157,P < 0.001)评分中均显著;干预组与对照组在出院6个月时ADL(14.32±1.14,21.77±4.68),SDSS(2.98±2.05,7.26±2.88)及BPRS(19.30±2.24,33.82±5.59),评分均显著优于对照组(P < 0.05)。 结论 医院-社区-家庭联动护理模式可有效降低康复期精神分裂症患者非计划再住院率,提升日常生活能力。 -
关键词:
- 精神分裂症 /
- 医院-社区-家庭联动 /
- 非计划再住院率
Abstract:Objective To explore the effects of a hospital-community-family linkage nursing model on the unplanned readmission rate, Activity of Daily Living Scale (ADL), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), and Social Disability Screening Schedule (SDSS) scores of patients with convalescent schizophrenia within 6 months after discharge. Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted using a random number table. Ninety-eight eligible patients with convalescent schizophrenia discharged from a tertiary-grade A psychiatric hospital between January 2022 and January 2023 were enrolled and randomly assigned to an intervention group (n = 49) and a control group (n = 49). The control group received routine continuous care, including telephone follow-ups and reminders for re-examinations. The intervention group received hospital-community-family linkage interventions, including dynamic health management, community rehabilitation activities, and family supervision. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare rehabilitation outcomes at different time points between the two groups. Results At 6 months post-discharge, the unplanned readmission rate was 6.12% in the intervention group, significantly lower than that in the control group (42.86%)(χ2 = 18.732, P < 0.001).Repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant time and group interaction effects, time main effects, and group main effects for: ADL(F = 13.753/40.338/24.172, P < 0.001), SDSS(F = 15.117/25.338/10.612, P < 0.001), BPRS(F = 27.289/74.970/70.157, P < 0.001).At 6 months, the intervention group showed significantly better outcomes than controls in: ADL(14.32±1.14, 21.77±4.68; P < 0.05), SDSS(2.98±2.05, 7.26±2.88; P < 0.05), BPRS(19.30±2.24, 33.82±5.59; P <0.05). Conclusion The hospital-community-family linkage nursing model can effectively reduce the unplanned readmission rate and improve the daily living ability of patients with convalescent schizophrenia. -
表 1 两组患者人口学资料情况比较[n(%)/($ \bar x \pm s $)]
Table 1. Comparison of Demographic Characteristics Between Two Groups[n(%)/($ \bar x \pm s $)]
类别 基本情况 对照组(n = 49) 干预组(n = 49) χ2/Z P 性别 男 23 (46.94) 24 (48.98) 0.048 0.827 女 26 (53.06) 25 (51.02) 年龄(岁) 18~30 11 (22.45) 11(22.45) 0.557 0.752 31~40 20 (40.82) 20 (40.82) ≥41 18 (36.73) 18 (36.73) 婚姻状况 未婚 22 (44.90) 26 (53.06) 4.210 0.240 已婚 15 (30.61) 15 (30.61) 离异或丧偶 12 (24.49) 8 (16.33) 文化程度 小学或初中 11 (22.45) 11 (22.45) 0.312 0.756 高中/中专 10 (20.41) 11 (22.45) 大专/大学 28 (57.14) 27 (55.10) 家族遗传史 是 7 (14.29) 7 (14.29) 0.045 0.831 否 42 (85.71) 42 (85.71) 职业 有工作经验 30 (61.22) 25 (51.02) 1.081 0.299 无业/闲居 19 (38.78) 24 (48.98) 住院次数 首次 7 (14.29) 15 (30.61) 1.550 0.124 2~5次 36 (73.47) 28 (57.14) ≥6次 6 (12.24) 6 (12.24) 表 2 两组患者6个月内非计划再住院率比较[n(%)/($ \bar x \pm s $)]
Table 2. Comparison of unplanned readmission rates within 6 months between the two groups[n(%)/($ \bar x \pm s $)]
类别 返院次数 对照组(n = 49) 干预组(n = 49) χ2 P 6个月内返院 0 28(57.14) 46(93.88) 18.732 <0.001** =1 17(34.69) 3(6.12) >1 4(8.16) 0(0.00) **P < 0.01。 表 3 两组患者出院后不同时间ADL差异比较($ \bar x \pm s $)
Table 3. Comparison of ADL scores between groups at different post-discharge time points($ \bar x \pm s $)
组别 n ADL评分 出院当天 出院1个月 出院3个月 出院6个月 组内比较 对照组 49 25.11±3.51 23.58±4.75 22.78±4.90 21.77±4.68 F = 5.672 P = 0.002* 干预组 49 26.00±6.39 18.39±6.74ab 16.59±4.38abd 14.32±1.14abcd F = 38.941 P < 0.001** F F时间= 40.338 F组别=24.172 F交互= 13.753 P P时间<0.001** P组别<0.001** P交互<0.001** 与出院当天比较,aP < 0.05;与出院1个月比较,bP < 0.05;与出院3个月比较,cP < 0.05;与同期对照组比较,dP < 0.05;组内比较,*P < 0.05,**P < 0.01。 表 4 两组患者出院后不同时间点SDSS差异比较($ \bar x \pm s $)
Table 4. Comparison of SDSS scores between groups at different post-discharge time points($ \bar x \pm s $)
组别 n SDSS评分 出院当天 出院1个月 出院3个月 出院6个月 组内比较 对照组 49 8.03±3.52 7.57±3.64 7.27±3.43 7.26±2.88 F = 0.983 P = 0.402 干预组 49 8.42±2.39 6.20±3.47ad 4.24±2.49abd 2.98±2.05abcd F = 52.617 P < 0.001** F F时间=25.338 F组别=10.612 F交互=15.117 P P时间<0.001** P组别<0.001** P交互<0.001** 与出院当天比较,aP < 0.05;与出院1个月比较,bP < 0.05;与出院3个月比较,cP < 0.05;与同期对照组比较,dP < 0.05;组内比较,**P < 0.01。 表 5 两组患者出院后不同时间BPRS差异比较($ \bar x \pm s $)
Table 5. Comparison of BPRS scores between groups at different post-discharge time points($ \bar x \pm s $)
组别 n BPRS评分 出院当天 出院1个月 出院3个月 出院6个月 组内比较 对照组 49 38.74±4.87 36.91±5.94 33.52±5.57 33.82±5.59 F = 1.254 P = 0.292 干预组 49 38.59±3.81 32.34±4.28ad 24.43±4.75abd 19.30±2.24abcd F = 145.32 P < 0.001** F F时间= 74.970 F组别=70.157 F交互= 27.289 P P时间<0.001** P组别<0.001** P交互<0.001** 与出院当天比较,aP < 0.05;与出院1个月比较,bP < 0.05;与出院3个月比较,cP < 0.05;与同期对照组比较,dP < 0.05;组内比较,**P < 0.01。 -
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