Application of Holistic Nursing Model Based on Delphi in Patients with AMI
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摘要:
目的 探讨基于德尔菲法(Delphi)建立整体护理模式在急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,AMI)患者中的应用价值。 方法 以2019年1月—2020年1月在云南省迪庆香格里拉人民医院治疗的110例AMI患者为例,按照入院的先后次序将患者分为对照组与观察组各55例。对照组采用常规护理方式,观察组在对照组护理的基础上,实施基于Delphi的整体护理模式干预。护理6个月后,对比分析2组患者的左心室舒张末期容积(Left ventricular end-diastolic volume,LVEDV)、左心室收缩末期容积(Left ventricular end—systolic volume,LVESV),并计算左心室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)、自我管理效能(GeneralSelf-efficacyScale,GSES)、并发症、护理满意度的变化。 结果 (1)护理后2组的LVEF显著升高,LVEDV、LVESV显著降低;观察组LVEF升高更显著,LVEDV、LVESV降低更显著(P < 0.05);(2)护理后2组患者的自我效能感量表(GSES)得分较护理前有所提升,观察组提升较明显(P < 0.05);(3)观察组住院期间不良事件发生率低于对照组(P < 0.05);(4)护理后观察组的满意度高于对照组(P < 0.05)。 结论 AMI患者采用基于Delphi整体护理模式,可有效改善患者心功能、自我管理效能。 Abstract:Objective To explore the application value of a holistic nursing model based on the Delphi method in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods A total of 110 AMI patients treated at Diqing Shangri-La People's Hospital in Yunnan Province from January 2019 to January 2020 were enrolled and divided into a control group and an observation group, with 55 patients in each, based on their admission order. The control group received routine nursing care, while the observation group received holistic nursing model intervention based on Delphi in addition to the routine nursing care. After 6 months of nursing, the left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), general self-efficacy scale (GSES) score, complications, and changes in nursing satisfaction were compared and analyzed between the two groups. Results (1) After nursing, the LVEF significantly increased and the LVEDV and LVESV significantly decreased in both groups; the increase in LVEF was more significant, and the decrease in LVEDV and LVESV was more pronounced in the observation group (P < 0.05); (2) The GSES scores of patients in both groups improved compared to before nursing, with a more significant improvement in the observation group(P < 0.05); (3) The incidence of adverse events during hospitalization was lower in the observation group than in the control group (P < 0.05); (4) The satisfaction rate was higher in the observation group than in the control group after nursing (P < 0.05). Conclusion The application of a holistic nursing model based on Delphi in AMI patients can effectively improve cardiac function and self-management efficacy, reduce the incidence of complications, and enhance nursing satisfaction, demonstrating high feasibility. -
Key words:
- Delphi method /
- Holistic nursing model /
- Acute myocardial infarction
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表 1 AMI整体护理模式
Table 1. AMI overall care mode
一级指标 二级指标 三级指标 A入院时 A1接诊 A11与院前护士进行情况交接
A12指导家属完成急诊挂号及一系列入院手续A2初步护理评估 A21相关情况和护理流程准确告知先关家属
A22指导责任家属签署相关知情同意书
A23稳定患者及其家属不良情绪
A24评估患者精神状态
A25患者有何不良禁忌症
A26患者病情严重情况B治疗期 B1快速制实施护理方案 B11根据患者情况决定护理方向
B12根据患者情况决定护理级别B2生命体征监测 B21监测呼吸、心律、血压、血氧饱和度等 B22监测吸氧流量 B23评估胸痛情况
B24遵医嘱予以镇静、止痛处理B3遵医嘱治疗 B31明确溶栓或PCI适应证与禁忌证
B32根据患者的情况到院30min内进行溶栓
B33或到院90min内进行PCI手术
B34密切监测心电变化C恢复期 C1术后1d整体护理 C11监测生命体征
C12每2h评估患者病情1次
C13密切询问其不适状况C14遵医嘱用药 C15并发症观察与预防 C16了解患者的心理状况 C17对患者进行针对性的疏导与安抚 C2术后2-3d整体护理 C21定期翻身与肢体按摩 C22饮食指导 C23健康教育 C24并发症观察与预防 C3术4d-出院 C31评估患者的心肺功能
C32心脏康复训练指导D出院前 D1出院检查 D11完善全过程的护理记录
D12检查相关项目评估患者康复状况D2出院指导 D21讲解日常生活中的注意事项
D22嘱患者坚持康复训练
D23定期到院复诊
D24办理出院手续
D25提供院外指导联系方式表 2 2组一般资料比较(n = 55)
Table 2. Comparison of general information between the two groups(n = 55)
项目 观察组 对照组 χ2/t P 性别 男性 32(58.18) 30(54.55) 1.214 0.693 女性 23(41.82) 25(45.45) 年龄(岁) 65.79 ± 4.65 66.11 ± 4.71 0.679 0.351 病程(小时) 151.32 ± 30.12 153.09 ± 30.06 1.153 0.602 文化程度 小学以下 19(34.55) 20(36.36) 初中至高中 21(38.18) 24(43.64) 2.141 0.539 大学及以上 15(27.27) 11(20.0) 病史 高血压史前 13(23.64) 14(25.45) 吸烟史 20(36.36) 18(32.73) 0.669 0.493 抗血小板药物 11(20.0) 12(21.82) Β受体阻滞剂 8(14.55) 7(12.73) Killip分级 调脂药 11(20.00) 13(23.64) 硝酸酯类药 25(45.45) 24(43.64) 1.326 0.603 ACEI/ARB 19(34.55) 18(32.73) 表 3 2组心功能比较 ($ \bar x \pm s$,n = 55)
Table 3. Comparison of cardiac function between the two groups ($\bar x \pm s $,n = 55)
组别 LVEF(%) LVEDV(mL) LVESV(mL) 护理前 护理后 t P 护理前 护理后 t P 护理前 护理后 t P 对照组 47.96 ± 4.54 52.67 ± 1.56 7.380 0.001* 157.02 ± 4.05 133.58 ± 4.43 8.545 0.001* 80.03 ± 5.84 64.49 ± 2.48 8.523 0.020* 观察组 46.50 ± 4.11 56.80 ± 1.10 9.003 0.024* 157.36 ± 3.83 117.26 ± 4.26 1.613 0.006* 78.88 ± 5.85 55.13 ± 2.58 6.849 0.013* t值 1.775 −6.050 −0.449 19.689 1.029 9.403 P值 0.079 0.011* 0.654 0.001* 0.306 0.004* *P < 0.05。 表 4 2组自我管理效能的比较 [($\bar x \pm s $),n = 55]
Table 4. Comparison of self-management efficacy between the two groups [($\bar x \pm s $),n = 55]
组别 n 护理前GSES评分 护理后GSES评分 t值 p值 对照组 55 20.12 ± 3.87 25.27 ± 2.89 7.979 0.001* 观察组 55 20.53 ± 3.64 35.79 ± 2.84 24.753 0.001* t 0.577 19.429 P 0.565 0.001* *P < 0.05。 表 5 2组住院期间心脏不良事件发生情况比较 n(%)
Table 5. Comparison of cardiac adverse events during hospitalization between the two groups n(%)
组别 n 心绞痛 恶性心律失常 左心衰竭 合计 对照组 55 3(5.45) 2(3.64) 3(5.45) 8(14.55) 观察组 55 0(0) 0(0) 1(1.82) 1(1.82) χ2 6.063 P 0.001* *P < 0.05。 表 6 2组护理满意度情况比较 n(%)
Table 6. Comparison of nursing satisfaction between the two groups n(%)
组别 n 非常满意 满意 不满意 总满意率 对照组 55 36(65.45) 6(10.91) 13(23.64) 42(76.37) 观察组 55 40(72.72) 13(23.63) 2(3.64) 53(96.37) χ2 12.134 P 0.001* *P < 0.05。 -
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