Predictive Assessment of Delirium in Elderly Frail Patients Using FRAIL,CFS,and REFS Scales: Analysis of Risk Factors
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摘要:
目的 探析衰弱筛查量表(frail scale,FRAIL)、临床衰弱量表(clinical frailty scale,CFS)、自我报告埃德蒙顿衰弱量表(reported edmonton frail scale,REFS)对老年衰弱患者谵妄的预测评估及风险因素分析。 方法 选择成都市第六人民医院2023年1月~12月老年医学科收治的187例老年衰弱住院患者作为研究对象。采用 FRAIL、CFS、REFS量表评估衰弱指数,收集患者各项资料资料并构建谵妄相关风险队列。记录谵妄发生率、发生持续时间及预后结局;分析发生与未发生谵妄患者的FRAIL、CFS、REFS量表;对比发生与未发生谵妄患者临床特征;采用logistic回归分析老年衰弱患者发生谵妄的风险因素,ROC曲线分析FRAIL、CFS、REFS对老年衰弱患者谵妄发生的预测效能。 结果 187例老年衰弱住院患者中发生谵妄34例(18.18%),未发生谵妄153例(81.82%)。发生谵妄组患者FRAIL、CFS、REFS量表评分均高于未发生组(P < 0.05)。两组患者年龄、中风、营养不良、认知障碍、活动受限、重度疼痛特征对比有差异(P < 0.05)。Logistic结果显示,年龄≥75岁、中风、营养不良、认知障碍、活动受限、重度疼痛、FRAIL、CFS、REFS均为老年衰弱患者发生谵妄风险因素(P < 0.05)。ROC曲线显示,REFS对老年衰弱患者谵妄发生的ROC曲线下面积为0.813(0.739~0.843)较FRAIL、CFS更高。 结论 老年衰弱患者发生谵妄影响因素主要与年龄≥75岁、中风、营养不良、认知障碍、活动受限、重度疼痛、衰弱程度有关,且相较于FRAIL、CFS量表,REFS量表预测谵妄效能更高。 Abstract:Objective To explore the predictive assessment and risk factor analysis of the FRAIL Scale (Frailty Scale), Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), and Reported Edmonton Frail Scale (REFS) for delirium in elderly frail patients. Methods A total of 187 elderly frail hospitalized patients admitted to the Department of Geriatric Medicine at Chengdu Sixth People's Hospital from January to December 2023 were selected as research subjects. The FRAIL, CFS, and REFS scales were used to assess the frailty index. Patient data were collected and a delirium-related risk cohort was constructed. The incidence of delirium, duration of occurrence, and prognostic outcomes were recorded. The FRAIL, CFS, and REFS scale scores between patients with and without delirium were analyzed. Clinical characteristics were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for delirium in elderly frail patients, and ROC curve analysis was performed to evaluate the predictive efficacy of FRAIL, CFS, and REFS for delirium occurrence in elderly frail patients. Results Among the 187 elderly frail hospitalized patients, 34 cases (18.18%) developed delirium, and 153 cases (81.82%) did not develop delirium. The FRAIL, CFS, and REFS scale scores in the delirium group were significantly higher than in the non-delirium group (P < 0.05). There were significant differences between the two groups in age, stroke history, malnutrition, cognitive impairment, activity limitation, and severe pain (P < 0.05). Logistic regression results showed that age ≥75 years, stroke, malnutrition, cognitive impairment, activity limitation, severe pain, FRAIL, CFS, and REFS were all risk factors for delirium in elderly frail patients (P < 0.05). ROC curve analysis demonstrated that REFS had a higher area under the ROC curve (AUC = 0.813, 95%CI: 0.739-0.843) for predicting delirium in elderly frail patients compared to FRAIL and CFS. Conclusions The main factors affecting delirium occurrence in elderly frail patients are related to age ≥75 years, stroke, malnutrition, cognitive impairment, activity limitation, severe pain, and degree of frailty. The REFS scale demonstrates superior predictive efficacy for delirium compared to the FRAIL and CFS scales. -
Key words:
- Elderly frailty /
- Delirium /
- FRAIL scale /
- CFS /
- REFS /
- Risk factor
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表 1 分析发生与未发生谵妄患者的FRAIL、CFS、REFS量表($ \bar x \pm s $,分)
Table 1. Analysis of FRAIL,CFS,and REFS scales in patients with and without delirium ($ \bar x \pm s $,points)
组别 n FRAIL CFS REFS 发生组 34 4.67 ± 0.32 6.82 ± 0.59 14.32 ± 2.67 未发生组 153 3.52 ± 0.24 5.34 ± 0.27 8.84 ± 0.35 t - 23.683 22.349 24.673 P - <0.001* <0.001* <0.001* *P < 0.05。 表 2 对比发生与未发生谵妄患者临床特征
Table 2. Comparison of clinical characteristics between patients with and without delirium
特征 发生组(n =34) 未发生组(n =153) χ2 P 性别 0.097 0.756 男 19(55.88) 81(52.94) 女 15(44.12) 72(47.06) 年龄(岁) 5.659 0.017* 65~74 11(32.35) 84(54.90) ≥75 23(67.65) 69(45.10) 婚姻状态 0.401 0.526 已婚 25(73.53) 104(67.97) 丧偶/离异 9(26.47) 49(32.03) 文化状态 3.168 0.205 文盲 7(20.59) 28(18.30) 小学 12(35.29) 34(22.22) 中学及以上 15(44.12) 91(59.48) 吸烟史 10(29.41) 37(24.18) 0.404 0.525 饮酒史 11(32.35) 35(22.88) 1.347 0.246 慢性病 高血压 15(44.12) 64(41.83) 0.060 0.807 冠心病 10(29.41) 32(20.92) 1.153 0.283 2型糖尿病 12(35.29) 59(38.56) 0.126 0.722 慢性阻塞性肺病 7(20.59) 21(13.73) 1.029 0.310 中风 13(38.24) 18(11.76) 14.095 <0.001* 骨关节炎 6(17.65) 29(18.95) 0.031 0.860 营养不良 15(44.12) 26(16.99) 11.956 <0.001* 认知障碍 17(50.00) 23(15.03) 20.228 <0.001* 存在抑郁 17(50.00) 56(36.60) 2.099 0.147 存在焦虑 15(44.17) 48(31.37) 2.023 0.155 活动受限 24(70.59) 32(20.92) 32.719 <0.001* 重度疼痛 20(58.82) 41(26.80) 12.981 <0.001* 睡眠障碍 10(29.41) 32(20.92) 1.153 0.283 镇静药物使用 10(29.41) 34(22.22) 0.799 0.371 抗胆碱能药物使用 7(20.59) 28(18.30) 0.096 0.757 *P < 0.05。 表 3 分析老年衰弱患者发生谵妄的风险因素
Table 3. Analysis of risk factors for delirium in elderly patients with frailty
指标 调整前 调整后 β S.E. Waldχ2 OR(95%CI) P β S.E. Waldχ2 OR(95%CI) P 年龄(≥75岁) 0.400 0.335 4.899 1.431(0.941~2.262) 0.024* 0.377 0.223 4.274 1.394 (0.915~1.789) 0.028* 中风 0.537 0.423 5.187 1.589(1.108~2.937) 0.015* 0.408 0.331 4.863 1.517 (1.096~1.891) 0.019* 营养不良 0.515 0.420 5.008 1.518(1.083~1.905) 0.020* 0.385 0.329 4.717 1.435 (1.077~1.923) 0.023* 认知障碍 0.771 0.579 8.985 2.143(1.360~3.227) 0.000* 0.598 0.468 7.592 1.915 (1.252~3.107) 0.000* 活动受限 0.654 0.547 7.910 1.804(1.175~2.833) 0.005* 0.527 0.435 7.384 1.731 (1.047~2.326) 0.007* 重度疼痛 0.612 0.513 7.382 1.715(1.296~2.856) 0.008* 0.506 0.409 7.012 1.622 (1.245~2.783) 0.010* 注:调整后的调整因素主要为年龄、营养不良、认知障碍,*P < 0.05。 表 4 分析三个量表对老年衰弱患者发生谵妄的影响
Table 4. Analysis of the impact of three scales on delirium in elderly patients with frailty
指标 调整前 调整后 β S.E. Waldχ2 OR(95%CI) P β S.E. Waldχ2 OR(95%CI) P FRAIL 0.627 0.521 7.463 1.726(1.347~2.113) 0.007* 0.544 0.385 6.952 1.626 (1.005~2.645) 0.009* CFS 0.632 0.534 7.589 1.763(0.947~2.135) 0.006* 0.510 0.371 6.748 1.592 (0.946~2.683) 0.011* REFS 0.714 0.556 8.134 1.834(1.058~1.872) 0.002* 0.589 0.427 7.851 1.753 (1.032~2.987) 0.004* 注:调整后的调整因素主要为年龄、营养不良、认知障碍,*P < 0.05。 表 5 分析FRAIL、CFS、REFS对老年衰弱患者谵妄发生的预测效能
Table 5. Analysis of the predictive efficacy of FRAIL,CFS,and REFS for delirium occurrence in elderly patients with frailty
指标 AUC(95%CI) P cut-off值 敏感度(%) 特异度(%) 约登指数 FRAIL 0.713(0.695~0.796) 0.023* 4.14分 72.58 70.36 0.43 CFS 0.752(0.721~0.806) 0.012* 6.23分 75.34 72.14 0.47 REFS 0.813(0.739~0.843) 0.001* 12.57分 80.23 74.52 0.55 *P < 0.05。 -
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