Survey on Mental Disorders in HIV/AIDS Patients with End-stage Renal Disease on Hemodialysis
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摘要:
目的 了解HIV/AIDS合并终末期肾病(end-stage renal disease,ESRD)患者行维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)期间焦虑、抑郁及睡眠障碍的发病情况及临床特征。 方法 采用横断面研究设计,连续纳入2024年8月至12月在昆明市第三人民医院治疗的51例HIV/AIDS合并ESRD行MHD患者(HIV-HD组)、50例普通ESRD行MHD患者(HD组)及按1∶2随机抽取的102例未透析HIV感染者(HIV组)。使用医院焦虑抑郁量表(hospital anxiety and depression scale,HADS)和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(Pittsburgh sleep quality index,PSQI)分别评估患者的焦虑抑郁及睡眠障碍,比较三组发病情况。 结果 共纳入203例患者。HIV-HD组、HD组、HIV组精神障碍发病率分别为:焦虑(25.5% vs. 22.0% vs. 7.8%)、抑郁(37.3% vs. 56.0% vs. 17.6%)、睡眠障碍(86.3% vs. 90.0% vs. 40.2%)、焦虑合并抑郁(15.7% vs. 20.0% vs. 3.9%)、焦虑合并睡眠障碍(23.5% vs. 22.0% vs. 3.9%)、抑郁合并睡眠障碍(33.3% vs. 54.0% vs. 9.8%)、焦虑抑郁合并睡眠障碍(13.7% vs. 20.0% vs. 2.0%),HIV-HD组与HD组上述精神障碍发生率均显著高于HIV组(P < 0.05)。临床特征显示,HIV-HD组与HD组严重合并症(CCI≥5分)、高血压比例显著高于HIV组,HD组糖尿病患病率高于HIV组(P值均小于0.05)。 结论 HIV/AIDS血液透析患者存在较高的焦虑、抑郁发病率,且睡眠质量极差,临床应加强对此类患者的心理评估和综合干预,以提高患者的生活质量。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the incidence and clinical characteristics of anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders in people living with HIV (PLWH) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at Kunming Third People’ s Hospital from August to December 2024. We consecutively enrolled 51 HIV/AIDS patients with ESRD receiving MHD (HIV-HD group), 50 non-HIV ESRD patients receiving MHD (HD group), and randomly selected 102 non-dialysis PLWH at a 1∶2 ratio (HIV group). The hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) was used to assess anxiety and depression, and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) was used to evaluate sleep quality. The incidence rates of these conditions were compared among the three groups. Results A total of 203 patients were included. The incidence rates of psychiatric disorders in HIV-HD, HD , and HIV groups were as follows: anxiety (25.5% vs. 22.0% vs. 7.8%), depression (37.3% vs. 56.0% vs. 17.6%), sleep disorders (86.3% vs. 90.0% vs. 40.2%), comorbid anxiety and depression (15.7% vs. 20.0% vs. 3.9%), comorbid anxiety and sleep disorders (23.5% vs. 22.0% vs. 3.9%), comorbid depression and sleep disorders (33.3% vs. 54.0% vs. 9.8%), and comorbid anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders (13.7% vs. 20.0% vs. 2.0%). The incidence of these psychiatric disorders was significantly higher in both the HIV-HD and HD groups compared to the HIV group (P < 0.05). Clinical characteristics revealed that the proportions of severe comorbidities (CCI≥5) and hypertension were significantly higher in the HIV-HD and HD groups than in the HIV group, while the prevalence of diabetes was higher in the HD group than in the HIV group (all P < 0.05). Conclusion People living with HIV on hemodialysis have a higher incidence of anxiety and depression, and extremely poor sleep quality. Therefore, clinical emphasis should be placed on psychological assessment and comprehensive interventions for patients to improve their quality of life. -
Key words:
- HIV/AIDS /
- Maintenance hemodialysis /
- Anxiety /
- Depression /
- Sleep disorders
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表 1 三组患者一般社会人口学资料对比[($\bar x \pm s$)/n(%)]
Table 1. Comparison of general sociodemographic characteristics among the three patient groups[($\bar x \pm s$)/n(%)]
项目 分类 n(%) HIV-HD组(n=51) HD组(n=50) HIV组(n=102) χ2/t/F P 性别 男 133(65.5) 31(60.8) 40(80.0) 62(60.8) 6.159 0.046* 女 70(34.5) 20(39.2) 10(20.0) 40(39.2) 年龄(岁) 50.34 ± 10.43 48.31 ± 9.32 51.82 ± 13.80 50.63 ± 8.893 1.492 0.23 民族 汉族 166(81.8) 34(66.7) 43(86.0) 89(87.3) 10.465 0.005* 少数民族 37(18.2) 17(33.3) 7(14.0) 13(12.7) BMI(kg/m2) 22.37 ± 3.59 22.03 ± 4.07 22.55 ± 3.90 22.45 ± 3.17 0.323 0.724 文化程度 小学及以下 71(35.0) 24(47.1) 11(22.0) 36(35.3) 9.543 0.145 初中 69(34.0) 14(27.5) 17(34.0) 38(37.3) 高中及中专 34(16.7) 8(15.7) 12(24.0) 14(13.7) 本科及以上 29(14.3) 5(9.8) 10(20.0) 14(13.7) 婚姻状况 未婚/离异 62(30.5) 15(29.4) 14(28.0) 33(32.4) 0.341 0.843 已婚 141(69.5) 36(70.6) 36(72.0) 69(67.6) 家庭人均月收入(元) ≤ 3000 148(72.9) 44(86.3) 37(74.0) 67(65.7) 7.336 0.026* > 3000 55(27.1) 7(13.7) 13(26.0) 35(34.3) 居住地 农村 68(33.5) 20(39.2) 12(24.0) 36(35.3) 2.921 0.232 城市 135(66.5) 31(60.8) 38(76.0) 66(64.7) 职业 无稳定工作 88(43.3) 30(58.8) 20(40.0) 38(37.3) 6.744 0.034* 有稳定工作 115(56.7) 21(41.2) 30(60.0) 64(62.7) 吸烟史 是 111(54.7) 26(51) 30(60.0) 55(53.9) 0.876 0.645 否 92(45.3) 25(49) 20(40.0) 47(46.1) 饮酒史 是 63(31.0) 19(37.3) 17(34.0) 27(26.5) 2.12 0.346 否 140(69.0) 32(62.7) 33(66.0) 75(73.5) 吸毒史 是 30(14.8) 8(15.7) 2(4.0) 20(19.6) 6.534 0.038* 否 173(85.2) 43(84.3) 48(96.0) 82(80.4) 就诊期间是否有人陪同 是 49(24.1) 11(21.6) 14(28.0) 24(23.5) 0.612 0.736 否 154(75.9) 40(78.4) 36(72.0) 78(76.5) CCI(分) 0~2 89(43.8) 8(15.7) 5(10.0) 76(74.5) 85.115 <0.001** 3~4 35(17.2) 8(15.7) 17(34.0) 10(9.8) ≥5 79(38.9) 35(68.6) 28(56.0) 16(15.7) 高血压 是 85(41.9) 28(54.9) 31(62.0) 26(25.5) 23.127 <0.001** 否 118(58.1) 23(45.1) 19(38.0) 76(74.5) 糖尿病 是 31(15.3) 10(19.6) 13(26.0) 8(7.8) 9.539 0.008* 否 172(84.7) 41(80.4) 37(74.0) 94(92.2) 高脂血症 是 26(12.8) 3(5.9) 3(6.0) 20(19.6) 8.498 0.014* 否 177(87.2) 48(94.1) 47(94.0) 82(80.4) 高尿酸血症 是 45(22.2) 23(45.1) 19(38.0) 29(28.4) 4.42 0.11 否 158(77.8) 28(54.9) 31(62.0) 73(71.6) *P < 0.05;**P < 0.001。 表 2 HIV-HD组和HD组临床特征对比[($\bar x \pm s$)/n(%)]
Table 2. Comparison of clinical characteristics between the HIV-HD group and the HD group[($\bar x \pm s$)/n(%)]
项目 分类 HIV-HD组(n=51) HD组(n=50) χ2/t P 充血性心力衰竭 是 22(43.1) 17(34.0) 0.889 0.346 否 29(56.9) 33(66.0) 周围血管疾病 是 3(5.9) 2(4.0) 0.191 0.662 否 48(94.1) 48(96.0) 脑血管疾病 是 1(2.0) 2(4.0) 0.371 0.543 否 50(98.0) 48(96.0) 慢性肺部疾病 是 22(43.1) 20(40.0) 0.102 0.749 否 29(56.9) 30(60.0) 轻度肝脏疾病 是 8(15.7) 9(18.0) 0.097 0.756 否 43(84.3) 41(82.0) 糖尿病伴器官损害 是 2(3.9) 3(6.0) 0.233 0.629 否 49(96.1) 47(94.0) 中度和重度肝脏疾病 是 4(7.8) 7(14.0) 0.986 0.321 否 47(92.2) 43(86.0) 透析龄(年) 2.63 ± 2.753 2.10 ± 1.930 1.25 0.266 透析频率 1~2次/周 22(43.1) 29(58.0) 2.231 0.135 3次/周 29(56.9) 21(42.0) 表 3 HIV-HD组和HIV组临床特征对比[($\bar x \pm s$)/n(%)]
Table 3. Comparison of clinical characteristics between the HIV-HD group and the HIV group[($\bar x \pm s$)/n(%)]
项目 分类 HIV-HD组(n=51) HIV组(n=102) χ2/t P 抗病毒治疗时间(年) 7.55 ± 4.356 9.15 ± 4.896 −1.973 0.049* 抗病毒治疗药物
(第三类药物)INSTI 38(74.5) 34(33.3) − <0.001** NNRTI 4(7.8) 51(50.0) PI 6(11.8) 17(16.7) INSTI+PI 2(3.9) 0(0.0) NNRTI+PI 1(2.0) 0(0.0) 感染途径 性传播 44(86.3) 82(80.4) 0.81 0.368 注射吸毒 7(13.7) 20(19.6) HIVRNA 低于检测限 40(78.4) 87(85.3) 1.135 0.287 高于检测限 11(21.6) 15(14.7) CD4+T细胞计数
(个/μL)<350 25(49.0%) 29(28.4%) 6.311 0.012* ≥350 26(51.0%) 73(71.6%) *P < 0.05;**P < 0.001;NNRTI:非核苷类反转录酶抑制剂;INSTI:整合酶抑制剂;PI:蛋白酶抑制剂。 -
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