A Study on the Related Factors of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
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摘要:
目的 探讨2型糖尿病(type2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患者发生房颤(atrial fibrillation,AF)的相关影响因素。 方法 通过1项病例对照研究,选取昆明医科大学第一附属医院2015年1月至2021年11月收治住院的688例T2DM患者,以AF诊断标准为依据将所有患者分为病例组(AF组)368例和对照组(非AF组)320例,整理收集所有患者的临床资料,并使用Stata 15.1统计软件分析T2DM患者发生AF的相关影响因素。 结果 年龄、DM病程、糖化血红蛋白水平、体重指数、左房内径、肌酐、C2HEST评分及合并心衰(P < 0.05)可能是T2DM患者发生AF的危险因素;其中年龄、糖化血红蛋白水平、左房内径、C2HEST评分(P < 0.05)可能是T2DM患者发生AF的独立危险因素(P < 0.05);使用钠-葡萄糖共同转运蛋白2抑制剂(sodium/glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor,SGLT2i)、β受体阻滞剂(P < 0.05)可能是减少AF发生的保护因素。 结论 高龄、高HbA1c水平、左房内径增大、高C2HEST评分可能是T2DM患者发生AF的独立危险因素;T2DM患者使用SGLT2i、β受体阻滞剂可能对AF发生有保护作用。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the factors associated with atrial fibrillation(AF) in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Methods Through a case-control study, We selected 688 patients with T2DM who were hospitalized at the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from January 2015 to November 2021. Based on the AF diagnostic criteria, all the patients were divided into a case group (AF group) of 368 cases and a control group (non-AF group) of 320 cases. All patients' clinical data were collected and used Stata 15.1 statistical software were used for analyze the relevant influencing factors of AF in patients with T2DM. Results Age, duration of DM, glycated hemoglobin level, body mass index, left atrial diameter, creatinine, C2HEST score, and heart failure (P < 0.05) might be risk factors for AF in T2DM patients; among them, age, glycated hemoglobin level, left atrial diameter, C2HEST score (P < 0.05) might be independent risk factors for AF in T2DM patients; the use of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (Sodium/Glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibitor, SGLT2i) andβ-blockers (P < 0.05) might be its protective factors. Conclusion Old age, high HbA1c level, increased left atrial diameter, and high C2HEST score maight be independent risk factors for atrial fibrillation in T2DM patients. The use of SGLT2i and β-blockers in T2DM patients may have a protective effect on the occurrence of atrial fibrillation. -
表 1 C2HEST评分
Table 1. C2HEST score
简写 危险因素 积分 C2 CAD/COPD 1-2 H 高血压 1 E 年龄≥75岁 2 S 收缩性心衰 2 T 甲状腺疾病(甲状腺功能亢进) 1 ALL 总分 0-8 注:CAD:冠状动脉硬化性心脏病;COPD:慢性阻塞性肺疾病。 表 2 AF组与非AF组基线资料比较 [($\bar x \pm s $)/n (% )]
Table 2. Comparison of baseline data between AF group and non AF group [($\bar x \pm s $)/n (% )]
临床指标 AF组(n=368) 非AF组(n=320) t/ χ2 P值 年龄(岁) 70.5 ± 10.67 57.22 ± 11.17 16.279 <0.001* 性别 2.740 0.140 男 208(56.52) 199(62.19) 女 160(43.48) 121(37.81) 吸烟史 154(41.85) 67(20.94) 29.335 0.060 糖尿病病程(a) 9.96 ± 7.46 7.96 ± 6.85 3.665 <0.001* BMI(kg/m2) 25.37 ± 3.51 24.76 ± 3.62 2.236 0.025* TC(mmol/L) 3.77 ± 1.09 3.99 ± 2.39 −1.515 0.136 TG(mmol/L) 1.96 ± 2.97 2.18 ± 2.28 −1.097 0.254 LDL-C(mmol/L) 2.26 ± 0.86 2.41 ± 1.23 −1.827 0.059 AST(mmol/L) 22.91 ± 19.19 21.12 ± 12.66 1.461 0.156 ALT(g/L) 22.80 ± 13.65 24.10 ± 17.27 −1.084 0.280 空腹血糖(mmol/L) 7.59 ± 2.87 7.94 ± 3.40 −1.447 0.144 尿酸(μmol/L) 360.36 ± 131.17 347.85 ± 87.77 1.486 0.140 HbA1c(%) 8.57 ± 2.21 7.73 ± 1.62 5.732 <0.001* HbA1c≤7% 34(9.23) 84(26.25) 34.856 <0.001* 7%<HbA1c<10% 148(40.21) 149(46.56) HbA1c≥10% 184(50.00) 89(27.81) Cre(μmol/L) 103.69 ± 70.26 80.42 ± 43.47 5.294 <0.001* SBP(mmHg) 125.64 ± 16.67 126.23 ± 21.42 −0.399 0.694 DBP(mmHg) 73.60 ± 11.37 80.18 ± 11.49 −7.528 <0.001* LVEF(%) 62.07 ± 30.10 67.72 ± 9.00 −3.429 <0.001* E/A峰(cm/s) 1.27 ± 0.64 1.52 ± 0.86 −4.272 0.241 左房内径(mm) 41.25 ± 7.78 30.48 ± 5.84 20.686 <0.001* C2HEST评分(分) 2.36 ± 1.54 1.41 ± 0.93 9.933 <0.001* 合并冠心病 196(32.34) 103(32.19) 30.933 0.212 合并高血压 239(64.95) 203(63.43) 0.169 0.140 糖尿病并发症 45(12.22) 50(15.62) 1.659 0.105 合并心衰 57(17.81) 16(4.35) 19.855 <0.001* 使用ACEI/ARB 136(46.42) 144(45.00) 4.588 0.533 使用β受体阻滞剂 189(64.07) 58(18.15) 82.150 <0.001* 使用他汀类药物 266(79.64) 240(75.24) 0.649 0.805 使用SGLT2i 69(18.75) 136(42.50) 46.154 <0.001* 皮下注射胰岛素 238(64.67) 203(63.44)) 0.114 0.140 注:*P < 0.05,差异有统计学意义。BMI:体重指数,TC:总胆固醇,TG:甘油三脂,LDL-C:低密度脂蛋白胆固醇,AST:门冬氨酸氨基转移酶,ALT:丙氨酸氨基转移酶,HbA1c:糖化血红蛋白,Cre:肌酐,SBP:收缩压,DBP:舒张压,LVEF:左室射血分数,ACEI/ARB:血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂/血管紧张素II受体拮抗剂,SGLT2i:钠-葡萄糖共同转运蛋白2抑制剂。 表 3 T2DM发生AF相关影响因素的单因素Logistic回归分析
Table 3. Univariate logistic regression analysis of factors associated with AF in patients with T2DM
协变量 回归系数 标准误 Wald χ2 P值 OR 95%可信区间上限 95%可信区间下限 女 0.24 0.16 2.27 0.130 1.27 0.93 1.72 年龄(岁) 0.11 0.01 143.46 <0.001* 1.12 1.10 1.14 糖尿病病程(a) 0.04 0.01 12.62 <0.001* 1.04 1.02 1.06 BMI(kg/m2) 0.05 0.02 4.94 0.030* 1.05 1.01 1.10 TC(mmol/L) −0.07 0.04 2.42 0.120 0.94 0.86 1.02 TG(mmol/L) −0.04 0.03 1.11 0.290 0.97 0.90 1.03 LDL-C(mmol/L) −0.14 0.07 3.52 0.060 0.87 0.75 1.01 ALT(g/L) −0.01 0.01 1.20 0.270 1.00 0.99 1.00 AST(g/L) 0.01 0.01 1.92 0.170 1.01 1.00 1.02 7%<HbA1c<10% 1.4 0.41 10.08 <0.001* 3.66 1.64 8.16 HbA1c≥10% 1.57 0.44 12.86 <0.001* 4.81 2.04 11.35 空腹血糖(mmol/L) −0.04 0.03 2.17 0.140 0.96 0.92 1.01 Cre(μmol/L) 0.01 0.00 14.67 <0.001* 1.01 1.01 1.02 尿酸(μmol/L) 0.00 0.00 2.03 0.150 1.00 1.00 1.00 SBP(mmHg) 0.00 0.00 0.16 0.690 1.00 0.99 1.01 DBP(mmHg) −0.04 0.01 10.85 <0.001* 0.96 0.94 0.99 LVEF(%) −0.03 0.01 15.44 <0.001* 0.97 0.96 0.99 E/A峰(cm/s) −0.01 0.02 0.07 0.800 1.00 0.95 1.04 C2HEST评分 0.62 0.07 71.49 <0.001* 1.86 1.61 2.15 左房内径(mm) 0.29 0.02 148.80 <0.001* 1.33 1.27 1.39 合并冠心病 0.21 0.17 1.64 0.200 1.24 0.89 1.72 合并高血压 0.25 0.16 2.36 0.120 1.29 0.93 1.78 糖尿病并发症 0.39 0.23 2.88 0.090 1.47 0.94 2.30 合并心衰 2.35 0.47 24.59 <0.001* 10.51 4.15 26.62 皮下注射胰岛素 0.253 0.16 2.36 0.129 1.29 0.93 1.78 使用SGLT2i类药物 −1.36 0.25 30.60 <0.001* 0.26 0.16 0.42 使用β受体阻滞剂 −1.640 0.213 59.502 <0.001* 0.194 0.128 0.294 使用ACEI/ARB −0.051 0.205 0.061 0.804 0.951 0.636 1.421 使用他汀类药物 −0.125 0.201 0.388 0.533 0.882 0.595 1.308 注:采用单因素Logistic回归分析,*P < 0.05,差异具有统计学意义。BMI:体重指数,TC:总胆固醇,TG:甘油三脂,LDL-C:低密度脂蛋白胆固醇,ALT:丙氨酸氨基转移酶,AST:门冬氨酸氨基转移酶,HbA1c:糖化血红蛋白,Cre:肌酐,SBP:收缩压,DBP:舒张压,LVEF:左室射血分数,SGLT2i:钠-葡萄糖共同转运蛋白2抑制剂,ACEI/ARB:血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂/血管紧张素II受体拮抗剂 表 4 T2DM发生AF相关影响因素的多因素Logistic回归分析
Table 4. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of factors associated with AF in patients with T2DM
协变量 回归系数 标准误 Wald χ2 P值 OR 95%可信区间上限 95%可信区间下限 年龄(岁) 0.07 0.01 23.70 0.013* 1.07 1.04 1.10 糖尿病病程(a) 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.880 1.00 0.96 1.04 BMI(kg/m2) −0.05 0.04 1.27 0.260 0.96 0.88 1.03 7%<HbA1c<10% 1.071 0.234 21.356 0.023* 2.918 1.85 4.60 HbA1c≥10% 1.408 0.244 33.193 <0.001* 4.09 2.53 6.60 Cre(μmol/L) 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.790 1.00 1.00 1.01 DBP(mmHg) −0.05 0.01 47.65 <0.001* 0.95 0.94 0.96 左房内径(mm) 0.26 0.03 77.19 <0.001* 1.29 1.22 1.37 C2HEST评分 0.29 0.12 6.22 0.020* 1.34 1.16 1.68 合并心衰 0.53 0.74 0.51 0.470 1.70 0.40 7.23 使用SGLT2i −0.955 0.255 14.071 <0.001* 0.385 0.234 0.634 使用β受体阻滞剂 −0.663 0.404 2.686 0.101 0.515 0.233 1.139 注:采用多因素Logistic回归分析,分类资料组间比较采用卡方检验,*P < 0.05,差异具有统计学意义,其中HbA1c≥10%、合并心衰、使用β受体阻滞剂、使用SGLT2i、记为1,其余记为0,7%<HbA1c<10%记为2,HbA1c≤7%记为3。BMI:体重指数,HbA1c:糖化血红蛋白,Cre:肌酐,DBP:舒张压,SGLT2i:钠-葡萄糖共同转运蛋白2抑制剂。 -
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