The Clinical Screening Value of Peripheral Blood NETs Combined with Salivary Gland Ultrasound Score for Primary Sjögren's Syndrome
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摘要:
目的 分析外周血中性粒细胞外陷阱(neutrophil extracellular traps,NETs)标志物联合超声评分对原发性干燥综合征(primary Sjogren's syndrome,pSS)的筛检价值。 方法 选定2024年6月至2025年12月60例pSS为pSS组,同期60例系统性红斑狼疮(systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE)患者为疾病对照组,60例健康体检者为健康对照组,对比三组外周血NETs标志物[髓过氧化物酶-DNA(Myeloperoxidase-DNA,MPO-DNA)、瓜氨酸组蛋白3(Citrullinated Histone 3,CitH3)]、超声。 结果 pSS组、疾病对照组外周血MPO-DNA、CitH3均高于健康对照组(P < 0.05);pSS组腮腺、颌下腺超声评分均高于疾病对照组、健康对照组(P < 0.05)。pSS组血流信号以II级为主。高疾病活动组外周血MPO-DNA、CitH3、腮腺、颌下腺超声评分均高于中低疾病活动组(P < 0.05)。MPO-DNA、CitH3、腮腺、颌下腺超声评分联合检测筛检pSS的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)高于单项检测(P < 0.05)。 结论 联合检测外周血MPO-DNA、CitH3、腮腺、颌下腺超声评分可提高对pSS的筛检价值。 Abstract:Objective To analyze the screening value of markers of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in peripheral blood combined with ultrasound scoring for primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS). Method From June 2024 to December 2025, 60 patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) were selected as the pSS group, while 60 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) during the same period were selected as the disease control group, and 60 healthy individuals undergoing physical examinations were selected as the healthy control group. The peripheral blood NETs markers [myeloperoxidase-DNA (MPO-DNA), citrullinated histone 3 (CitH3)] and ultrasound were compared among the three groups. Results The levels of MPO-DNA and CitH3 in peripheral blood of the pSS group and the disease control group were higher than those in the healthy control group (P < 0.05); the ultrasound scores of parotid and submandibular glands in the pSS group were higher than those in the disease control group and the healthy control group (P < 0.05). The blood flow signals in the pSS group were mainly at grade II. The peripheral blood MPO-DNA, CitH3, and ultrasound scores of parotid and submandibular glands in the high disease activity group were higher than those in the moderate and low disease activity groups (P < 0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of the combined detection of MPO-DNA, CitH3, parotid and submandibular gland ultrasound scores for screening pSS was higher than that of single detection (P < 0.05). Conclusion Joint detection of peripheral blood MPO-DNA, CitH3, and ultrasound scores of parotid gland and submandibular gland can enhance the screening value for pSS. -
表 1 两组外周血NETs标志物、超声评分对比($\bar x \pm s $)
Table 1. Comparison of NETs markers and ultrasound scores in peripheral blood between the two groups($\bar x \pm s $)
组别 n MPO-DNA(ng/mL) CitH3(ng/mL) 超声评分(分) 腮腺 颌下腺 pSS组 60 27.62 ± 3.66 18.16 ± 2.84 2.46 ± 0.63#** 2.34 ± 0.48#** 疾病对照组 60 26.94 ± 4.32 18.07 ± 2.27 0.74 ± 0.12* 0.69 ± 0.14* 健康对照组 60 5.16 ± 0.95** 4.25 ± 0.76** 0.79 ± 0.16* 0.71 ± 0.16* F − 891.324 836.081 394.813 585.610 P − < 0.001** < 0.001** < 0.001** < 0.001** 与pSS组比较,t = 46.009、36.649、19.901、24.954,*P < 0.05;与疾病对照组比较,t = 38.141、44.719,#**P < 0.05,**P < 0.001。 表 2 三组血流信号分级对比[n(%)]
Table 2. Comparison of blood flow signal grades in three groups [n(%)]
组别 n 0级 I级 II级 III级 pSS组 60 4(6.67) 19(31.67) 32(53.33) 5(8.33)# 疾病对照组 60 12(20.00) 35(58.33) 13(21.67) 0(0.00)* 健康对照组 60 60(100.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00)*# U − 9.700 P − < 0.001* 与pSS组比较,U = 4.520、9.700,*P < 0.05;与疾病对照组比较,U = 4.520、8.680,#P < 0.05,*P < 0.05。 表 3 不同疾病严重程度组外周血NETs标志物、超声评分对比($\bar x \pm s $ )
Table 3. Comparison of peripheral blood NETs markers and ultrasound scores among different severity groups of diseases($\bar x \pm s $)
组别 n MPO-DNA(ng/mL) CitH3(ng/mL) 超声评分(分) 腮腺 颌下腺 高疾病活动组 19 30.82 ± 5.66 21.55 ± 3.26 3.18 ± 0.34 2.95 ± 0.37 中低疾病活动组 41 26.14 ± 3.98 16.59 ± 2.05 2.12 ± 0.19 2.06 ± 0.23 t − 3.692 7.180 15.493 11.412 P − 0.001* < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 高疾病活动组、中低疾病活动组对比,*P < 0.05,*P < 0.001。 表 4 不同疾病严重程度组血流信号分级对比($ \bar x \pm s $)
Table 4. Comparison of Blood Flow Signal Grading in Different Disease Severity Groups($ \bar x \pm s $)
组别 n 0级 I级 II级 III级 高疾病活动组 19 0(0.00) 4(21.05) 10(52.63) 5(26.32) 中低疾病活动组 41 4(9.76) 15(36.59) 22(53.66) 0(0.00) U − 2.830 P − 0.005* 注:与高疾病活动组对比,*P < 0.001。 表 5 pSS组患者NETs标志物、超声评分与ESSDAI的相关性
Table 5. Correlation between NETs markers,ultrasound scores and ESSDAI in patients with pSS group
指标 ESSDAI r P MPO-DNA 0.442 < 0.001*** CitH3 0.521 < 0.001*** 腮腺评分 0.395 < 0.001*** 颌下腺评分 0.417 < 0.001*** 与ESSDAI均呈正相关性,P < 0.001***。 表 6 pSS的危险因素单因素分析[n(%)$ \bar x \pm s $]
Table 6. Univariate analysis of risk factors for pSS[n(%)$ \bar x \pm s $]
影响因素 pSS组(n = 60) 健康对照组(n = 60) χ2/t P 性别 男 33(55.00) 31(51.67) 0.134 0.714 女 27(45.00) 29(48.33) 年龄(岁) 51.26 ± 10.32 50.46 ± 11.26 0.406 0.686 病程(年) 3.52 ± 0.31 3.53 ± 0.39 0.155 0.877 吸烟史 是 27(45.00) 25(55.00) 0.136 0.713 否 33(55.00) 35(45.00) 饮酒史 是 34(56.67) 37(61.67) 0.310 0.577 否 26(43.33) 23(38.33) 应用免疫抑制剂 是 7(11.67) 6(10.00) 0.086 0.769 否 53(88.33) 54(90.00) 抗SSA/SSB抗体 阳性 25(41.67) 12(20.00) 6.604 0.010* 阴性 35(58.33) 48(80.00) WBC(×109/L) 3.68 ± 0.52 3.66 ± 0.69 0.179 0.858 RBC(×1012/L) 3.89 ± 0.44 3.91 ± 0.52 0.227 0.821 PLT(×109/L) 199.26 ± 6.25 201.16 ± 8.13 1.435 0.154 Hb(g/L) 118.26 ± 10.62 116.28 ± 11.64 0.973 0.332 RF(IU/mL) 25.39 ± 5.62 23.62 ± 4.17 1.959 0.053 IgG(g/L) 20.62 ± 3.66 13.62 ± 1.45 13.773 < 0.001 ESR(mm/h) 16.52 ± 3.16 15.62 ± 1.66 1.953 0.053 CRP(mg/L) 3.75 ± 0.62 3.68 ± 0.79 0.540 0.590 pSS组、健康对照组对比,*P < 0.05 表 7 pSS的危险因素多因素Logistic回归分析
Table 7. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of risk factors for pSS
因素 Wald P OR SE B 95%CI MPO-DNA 9.285 0.001 3.972 0.415 1.321 1.688~9.243 CitH3 5.657 0.012 1.088 0.036 0.090 1.012~1.268 腮腺超声评分 8.261 0.003 1.420 0.127 0.392 1.156~3.051 颌下腺超声评分 7.132 0.006 1.981 0.214 1.062 1.288~4.016 抗SSA/SSB抗体 6.604 0.009 4.206 0.518 1.524 1.216~9.523 IgG 7.034 0.008 2.337 0.437 1.124 1.037~3.204 表 8 外周血NETs标志物、超声评分对pSS的筛检价值
Table 8. The screening value of peripheral blood NETs markers and ultrasound scores for pSS
因素 标准误 AUC 95%CI P 灵敏性 特异性 MPO-DNA 0.069 0.634 0.568~0.723 0.018 70.52 81.82 CitH3 0.066 0.642 0.594~0.704 0.016 72.25 79.46 腮腺超声评分 0.053 0.679 0.626~0.768 0.011 75.28 81.47 颌下腺超声评分 0.060 0.650 0.612~0.736 0.013 73.84 80.65 四项联合 0.004 0.874 0.818~0.938 < 0.001* 92.96 81.06 MPO-DNA、CitH3、腮腺、颌下腺超声评分四项联合检测的AUC高于单项检测,*P < 0.01 -
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